Analytical Chemistry

Qualified Scientist/Researcher and Lecturer 2010. Alumni Southern Cross University, NSW Australia. Strong interests in Organic Pigments/private research. Currently working as a Sustainable farm Developer. More Recently worked as a Lecturer for University of Technology Sydney/Introduction to Forestry/International and Science Tutor for Tutor Network. Previously contract consultant work for Dep of DECCW. Field assistant for PhD Candidate. Horticulture Trainer/Lecturer at Glenn Innes/NewTrain and Lab assistant CHCC. First Synergy Science and Art. SCU Lismore.

We are covering two fields of science, the first scientifically based and the second exploration of pigment colour sequencing. It would seem that the two are very much aligned and should be researched simultaneously. In this paper the main focus is on coding organic pigments and the relevance to DNA sequencing. As pigments are present in all living cells, DNA directly aligns itself with colour pigment. For this reason there may very well be a readable configuration that matches DNA/nutrients with a colour chart. Aligning pigment colour with the DNA code will create colour patterns that are more predictable. This has highlighted the need for the scientific naming system and mapping of the elemental nutrient pathway to be overhauled. As the scientific world has developed in part of an entire picture, the development has led to the naming of organic chemical exchanges individually. This has meant that the flow (interpretations) of the elemental nutrients through the organic pathways have been lost in the jargon. Names have changed the nutrient transfers along the way, thus a more comprehensive overview/scientific name mapping for elemental nutrient pathways is required for a complete picture and the exploration of colour coding pigments for possible sequencing.

Xu Li received his BS degree in Biomedical Engineering from Hebei University of Technology, China in 2014. He is currently pursuing his PhD degree at the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, China, under the supervision of Prof. Xiaolin Lu. His current research interests include nonlinear vibrational spectroscopy, buried soft interfaces, interfacial ultrafast dynamics and polymer thin film relaxation. He has published 5 papers as the first author in Macromolecules, Soft Matter and Langmuir.

As a second-order nonlinear optical spectroscopy with interfacial selectivity and sub-monolayer sensitivity, sum frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy is a powerful tool for investigating surfaces and interfaces. Furthermore, SFG can be used to detect chiral structures at interfaces with chiral-active polarization combinations. Two case studies are given with respect to molecular-level interfacial structures in this abstract, i.e. silk fibroin (SF) and oligonucleotide. For SF, above critical overlapping concentration (C*), no ordered protein chiral structures could be detected at the hydrophobic polystyrene (PS)/SF solution interface; only adding methanol can induce formation of antiparallel β-sheet structure. Below C*, antiparallel β-sheet could be detected without adding methanol. Adding methanol could induce formation of an extended helical structure besides β-sheet structure. This demonstrates that chain-chain interaction or spatial confinement plays a vital role for formation of interfacial molecular-level secondary structures for protein molecules. For oligonucleotide, by using the lipid bilayer as a soft substrate to accommodate duplex oligonucleotide, both chiral and achiral water vibrational signals showed similar concentration-dependent intensity changes over a broad range of Ca2+ concentrations. However, when the Ca2+ concentrations were adjusted to be within the range comparable to those in the human serum; chiral water signals remained nearly unchanged, whereas achiral water signals still changed, as a function of Ca2+ concentration. This result supports possible protection function of chiral hydration layer against Ca2+ ions, which generally exist in cell sap.

Yao-Wen Jiang has completed his BS and MS in the School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University and now is a PhD candidate in Southeast University. He majors in Biointerface and Nanomaterial for biomedical application.

Early detection of cancer can extend patient survival through the therapeutic treatment in the early stages of the disease. It is essential to develop materials and methods to realize the cancer/normal cell differentiation. Meanwhile, photoluminescent nanomaterials are attracting increasing interest in biological field due to their unique optical characteristics. Herein, we prepared a series of fluorescent carbon quantum dots (or carbon dots, CDs) with cancerous/ normal cell differentiation capabilities through the inherent ability for mitochondrial targeting/imaging. Specifically, the CDs were prepared by one-pot solvothermal treatment of glycerol and silane molecule. Glycerol acts as the solvent and carbon source, and the silane molecule acts as the passivation agent. The as-prepared CDs could specifically and stably (for at least 24 h) visualize the mitochondria of various cells (including cancerous cells, normal cells and macrophages) without the introduction of mitochondria-targeting ligands (such as triphenylphosphonium). More importantly, the CDs could efficiently distinguish cancerous cells from normal cells with high fluorescence contrast due to their differences in mitochondrial membrane potential and substance uptake efficiency. Apart from that, multifunctional CDs co-doped with silicon and nitrogen that use glycerol and N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl]ethylenediamine were also prepared using solvothermal synthesis. The as-prepared CDs exhibited a rapid fluorescence response and good selectivity towards Fe3+, realizing Fe3+ detection in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, the mixed solution of CDs and Fe3+ (CDs/Fe3+) could efficiently distinguish cancerous cells from normal ones based on the reductive environment of cancerous cell, mainly their difference in the content of glutathione (GSH). The extraordinary features including facile synthesis, good water-solubility, favorable biocompatibility and excellent photostability of the above CDs make them excellent fluorescent probes for cancerous cell recognition and further biomedical applications.

Abraham George is working as the Team Leader of Analysis section at ADNOC Refining Research Centre. He has 25 years of experience in the area of petroleum inspection and laboratory analysis. He graduated in Chemistry and obtained Master’s degree in Business Administration. He has worked in various capacities in managing laboratories in India, Saudi Arabia and in UAE and involved in inspection and analysis of entire range of crude oil, petroleum products and other materials.

Hydro-processing at the refinery refers to hydro treating and hydrocracking. Removal of sulphur, nitrogen and other trace elements by reacting with hydrogen is hydro treatment and cracking of long chain and heavy hydrocarbon molecules to the desired smaller chain light compounds is hydrocracking. Pilot plant tests are commonly performed to study the impact of changes in process variables and catalysts on the products. Hydroprocessing products in gas and liquid form are extensively analyzed for their detailed composition, trace level of contaminents, boiling range and physical properties. Gas composition is analyzed using online refinery gas analyzer (GC-RGA) and liquid products are analyzed using trace sulphur (UV-Fluorescence detection) and nitrogen analyzer (chemiluminescence- detection), simulated distillation (GC-SIMDIST), X-ray sulphur analyzer, TBP (true boiling point) distillation unit and other lab equipment. Analyses are performed in accordance with ASTM, IP and in house test methods. The specific instrument set up, application of various detection techniques and data processing are necessary for successful pilot plant study to support the refinery hydro processing operations.

Lorna Ashton joined the Chemistry Department at Lancaster University in October 2014. After receiving her degree from the Open University in 2003 she studied for her PhD at the University of Manchester with Prof. Ewan Blanch. She then stayed at Manchester to continue her Post-Doctoral studies with Prof. Roy Goodacre. She has over 15 years experience in the field of Raman Spectroscopy, which utilizes the interaction of light with molecules to determine sample chemistry. She has worked closely with numerous biopharmaceutical companies developing Raman as a high throughput technique for bioprocessing. In 2018 she was awarded the prestigious RCUK Catapult Researcher in Residence at the Cell and Gene Therapy Catapult at Guy’s hospital, London, where she is developing Raman spectroscopy for quantitation of viral titre. Her present research also uses Raman spectroscopy to monitor structural changes in therapeutic biological molecules and to chemically image molecular interactions within live cells.

Protein-based biopharmaceuticals are becoming increasingly popular therapeutic agents despite the fact that the bioanalytical characterization of such therapeutics continues to present numerous analytical challenges. Raman spectroscopy offers vast potential for the biopharmaceutical industry as it is non-destructive, label free and insensitive to water. This makes it an ideal technique for biomolecular characterization at every stage of the biomanufacturing process from engineering to production to formulation. Furthermore, with the rapid development of Raman imaging techniques it is also now possible to monitor single cell uptake of the final product. Firstly, we will report on our research using Raman spectroscopy combined with two-dimensional correlation analysis (2DCOS) to characterize perturbation-induced aggregation in antibody variants where Raman assignments provide information on changes in protein stability including increases and decreases in solvent exposure of side chain residues as well as changes in H-bonding of β-structure that occurs with aggregation. This type of information can greatly aid in the initial screening for promising protein based biopharmaceuticals. Secondly, we will report on our recent developments in live cell Raman imaging. Raman imaging is a label free approach that provides vast amounts of spatially resolved biochemical data from which cellular composition and subcellular components can be identified. By placing a specialized cell incubator within the chamber of the Raman microscope mammalian cells can be kept alive and healthy for several days enabling monitoring the drug-induced and surface induced biophysical and chemical changes in single cells.

Moustafa A Khalifa has completed his PhD in Chemistry (Pesticides Chemistry) from the Institute of Industrial Organic Chemistry, Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland (1982). He is a Lab Consultant for Drug and Food Quality Control Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Kuwait and has been serving as a Professor of Pesticides Chemistry and Analysis (1992 till now) at Kafer Elsheikh University, Egypt.

It is true that, the possibilities of HPLC continually being extended through the development in HPLC-column technology, advances in instrumentation design and performance. The HPLC column is the heart of the HPLC – instrument and essential to its success. Today’s HPLC column technology offering high efficiency, high resolution, short analysis time, use of minute volumes and a wide pH range of mobile phase. Drug analysis in drug quality control laboratories of Kuwait have been benefited from these advanced features of today’s HPLC column technology considering the main advantages over conventional HPLC columns. This will be done by reporting some of our recent results obtained by using these columns (Symmetry, Symmetry Shield and XTerra columns) for analysis of some pharmaceutical preparation according to the requirements of drug manufacturer’s specification or drugs pharmacopeias. Determination of molecular size distribution as a quality control test for human albumin in pharmaceutical preparations was done using size exclusion (SE) columns. HPLC – column for mass spectrometry was employed as analytical column (C18, 150 mm X 2.1 mm and 5 um particle size, Symmetry 300 Waters, Milford, MA, USA) for screening studies which was conducted to investigate the presence of three synthetic PDE-5-inhibitors, Sildenafil (S), Tadalafil (T) and Vardenafil (V) illegally adulterated in natural herbal products. These herbal products have been a subject for registration by Kuwait Drug and Food Quality Control Administration (KUFDA) as a natural herbal product for improving sexual performance for man in the period from 2003 to 2012. Analytes detection was done simultaneously by PDA and MS. Nowadays in our laboratories, instead of atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), HPLC with conductivity detector and cation or anion columns were employed for analysis of cations such as, Na+, K+ , Mg++, Ca++ in balance salt solution (BSS) and anions such as Cl-- in Movicol sachets (for the relief of constipation). Based on ion exclusion chromatographic mechanism (polymethacrylate – based weak acidic cation exchange resin HPLC column) with detection UV, a simple, selective and sensitive method for the determination of carboxylic acids in renal dialysis solutions was used in our laboratories. Finally and on the base of our results, it can be said that using today’s column technology by the analyst in drug quality control laboratories will be valuable for increasing their lab productivity and accuracy.

Faiz Mohammad is Professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry of Aligarh Muslim University. He obtained his D.Phil. in the field of Electrically Conducting Polymers from the School of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, University of Sussex (UK) in 1988. His research interests include conducting polymer synthesis, properties and device applications, chemical and biosensors, polymer nanocomposites and polyblends besides having interest in environmental issues. He has published sixty five papers in refereed journals of international repute, contributed four book chapters and edited one book. He has supervised the research of nine Ph.D., nine M.Phil. and six M.Sc./M.Tech. students. His teaching subjects include organic reaction mechanism, electronic materials and devices, stereochemistry, polymers and biopolymers, polymer synthesis, conducting polymers, polymer degradation and recycling, spectroscopic and thermal techniques for polymer analysis. Presently, he is acting as a Member, Editorial Board, Advances in Materials, SciencePG and Member, Advisory Committee, International Union of Advanced Materials. He has been extensively engaged in collaborative research, teaching assignment, delivering lectures and participating in the conferences and thus traveled to the countries like UK, USA, Brazil, Singapore, Malaysia, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Oman, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Ethiopia

Beautiful nanodendrites of worm-like fibers of different lengths composed of globules at the edge of the asprepared polythiophene films and the formation of beautiful hexagonal crystals of NH4F on the dry ammonia undoping of polythiophene films were observed for the first time. Efficiency of electropolymerization of thiophene was observed to be nearly 100%. The electropolymerization of thiophene was observed to be a highly efficient process which produced high quality thin films of polythiophene.

At present I’m serving as Assistant Professor of Biochemistry at Laboratory Services Department of National Institute of ENT. I completed my MBBS from Dhaka Medical College and MD(Cli. Biochem) from Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. I joined government job after qualifying BCS(health) in 1995. Since then I served different Thana Health Complexes in Rajshahi,Narsingdi, Munshiganj Districts. After MD completion I started to serve Medical Colleges and Institutes like Dhaka, Sir Salimullah, Faridpur Medical college and National Institute of Diseases of Chest and Hospital. I’m a regular examiner of 1st Professional MBBS examination. I have a number of publications at national level. I’m the Press and Publication Secretary of Bangladesh Society of Medical Biochemists and also the Executive Editor of Bangladesh Journal of Medical Biochemistry. I’m also a member of Human Genome Organisation. I’m trained in Medical Biotechnology. I as a member of organizing committee arranged different national conferences of BSMB.

Aims were to compare plasma, RBC Cu and Zn between healthy and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, also association of hyperglycaemia, dyslipidaemia with plasma and RBC Cu, Zn. Study was carried out in departments of Biochemistry jointly with Endocrine Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, during July 2002 to June 2004. Thirty three newly diagnosed type 2 DM, thirty one age and sex matched healthy controls were included. Both Cu and Zn were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The median value of plasma Cu in healthy controls was 942.00 ppb (ranging 846-1393.50 ppb), in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients, 2739.00 ppb (ranging 1400- 5743.50ppb). Significantly higher level of plasma Cu was observed in cases (p<.001). Median value of RBC Cu of healthy controls was 1067.50 (ranging 423-2810.5 ppb) whereas that of diabetic patient was 773.50 ppb (ranging 52.50-2765.00 ppb). RBC Cu was significantly lower (p<.05) than the healthy controls. Median values of plasma Zn of healthy controls and type 2 diabetic patients were 777.50 ppb (ranging 621.50- 1018.00 ppb ) and 703.00 ppb (ranging 472-930 ppb), whereas that of RBC Zn of both groups were 6984.00 ppb (ranging 5693.50- 7796.00 ppb) and 5155.50 ppb (ranging 2820- 6153 ppb)

respectively. The plasma and RBC Zn were significantly lowered (p<.001) in diabetic group. There was significant positive correlation (p<.05) between fasting plasma Cu and glucose, negative (p<.05) correlation between fasting RBC Zn and triglyceride in type 2 DM. RBC is a better marker to see the trace element status than plasma.

Heera Lal Roy completed his MBBS from Enam Medical College affiliated under Dhaka University. After passing MBBS he was a Faculty Member in Enam Medical College. After that he completed his Postgraduation (MPhil in Clinical Biochemistry) from Sylhet Osmani Medical College under Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. Currently, he is working in Khulna City Medical College as an Assistant Professor in Biochemistry Department. He has also worked as a Head of the Department for one year in the same institution. He had tremendous extra-curricular carrier in his past times. He received a national prize from honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. He had already published 6 journals in his short carrier.

Pre-eclampsia is the most common medical complication of pregnancy associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Reduced serum magnesium level is found associated with elevated blood pressure in preeclampsia. To evaluate serum magnesium level in pre-eclamptic women this cross sectional study was carried out in among 50 preeclamptic patients, aged 20 to 40 years, and gestational age ranges from 20 to 40 weeks and 50 age and gestational age matched normotensive pregnant women having no proteinuria. Serum magnesium was measured by colorimetric method. The mean age and mean gestational age of pre eclampsia was not significantly different from those of normotensive pregnant women (p=0.203 and p=0.251 respectively). The mean body mass indexes of the test patients were significantly different from those of normotensive pregnant women (p<0.001). The mean serum magnesium level was 3.37±2.05 mg/dl in pre– eclampsia and 2.87±1.38 mg/dl in normal pregnant women; did not differ significantly between the subjects of pre–eclampsia and normal pregnant women (p=0.153). Serum magnesium has no association in occurrence of pre–eclampsia.

Susmita Nargis completed her graduation in Medical Science (MBBS) from Enam Medical College under Dhaka University. She was in Clinical Biochemistry as a Lecturer in Enam Medical College for one year. Then she completed her MPhil degree in Clinical Biochemistry from Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College under Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib University. After completing Post-graduation, she joined as an Assistant Professor in Ad Din Salina Medical College. Currently, she has been promoted as an Associate Professor in Biochemistry. She has already published several journals in Bangladesh.

Egg is an easily available, inexpensive and a major source of proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals, but its cholesterol content is high (about 200 mg per egg) and it is frequently blamed for atherosclerosis with consequent cardiovascular diseases. Eggs are very popular to young people and parents are always concerned with their daily consumption. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of consumption of eggs on serum lipid profile of healthy young adults. It was a prospective comparative study carried out in the Department of Biochemistry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College, during the period from January to December, 2014. Eighty (80) non-diabetic, normotensive healthy young adults of 18- 30 years of age were enrolled as study population. Among them 40 randomly selected subjects consumed one egg/day (intervention group) and 40 subjects did not consume egg for 4 weeks’ study period (control group). Baseline BMI, BP, fasting blood glucose and lipid profile were estimated. After 4 weeks, lipid profile was estimated in each group. Informed written consent was taken from each participant. Permission was taken from Ethical Committee of the Institute. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Chi-square test, unpaired and paired ‘t’ test were done. In the intervention group, serum total cholesterol (TC) and LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) significantly decreased at the end of 4 weeks, but serum HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and serum triglyceride (TG) did not differ significantly from baseline. In control group, serum HDL-C significantly decreased at the end of 4” week but serum TC, LDL-C and TG did not differ significantly. It may be concluded that daily consumption of one egg does not unfavorably influence on lipid profile in young adults. Further studies with larger sample size with and without risk factors may be conducted on middle and old age subjects.